Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing relevance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). These

Lead selenide nanoparticle dots (QDs) are a type of II-VI nanostructure that exhibit exceptional optical and electronic properties. Their synthesis typically involves hot injection methods, allowing for precise control over size and shape. The unique quantum confinement nature of these QDs leads to a strong dependence of their band gap on diameter,